The renin-angiotensin system in the human brain

The renin-angiotensin system is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure. In addition to controlling blood pressure, this hormonal system interacts in a complex way with the dopaminergic system. This interaction is of particular interest in the context of neurodegeneration, notably Parkinson's disease.

The main protein of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin II, acts via two main G protein-coupled receptors, AT1 and AT2. Activation of the AT1 receptor is associated with pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects. These effects promote oxidative stress and neurological inflammation, which are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Conversely, activation of the AT2 receptor limits oxidative stress and neurological inflammation.